Sunday, September 22, 2013

Zachary Quinto: A Playwright’s Home, an Actor’s Muse


Benjamin Norman for The New York Times
Zachary Quinto, who plays Tom in “The Glass Menagerie,” next to the caricature of the playwright Tennessee Williams at the Monkey Bar in Midtown.
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Shortly after a downpour hit Manhattan last Thursday, Zachary Quinto abandoned his car and driver to the gridlock on Madison Avenue and walked up to the Hotel Elysée on East 54th Street. As he apologized for being late, the actor looked up at the red and gold flag emblazoned with the name of the hotel, took out his iPhone and snapped a shot.

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“Wow,” Mr. Quinto said. “Can we go see the room where Tennessee died?”
“Tennessee” is the playwright Tennessee Williams, who lived and worked in the hotel for about 20 years until his death in 1983, reportedly after choking on a plastic bottle cap. The visit was something of a pilgrimage for Mr. Quinto, who is making his Broadway debut later this month in “The Glass Menagerie,” Williams’s first Broadway production.
Mr. Quinto, 36, was obliging a request to be interviewed at the Monkey Bar, off the lobby of the Elysée. It was a favorite, convenient bar for the playwright.
“I was reading about the hotel in anticipation of coming here,” Mr. Quinto said. “Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy and Marlon Brando and Lillian Gish, all of these amazing luminaries of the theater spent time in this place.”
Seated at a corner red banquette, the actor — dressed in a mauve T-shirt, jeans and high-top sneakers he admitted had been appropriated from a friend — spotted a depiction of Tennessee Williams behind him in the famous Edward Sorel mural that wraps around the restaurant. He attempted to move a lamp for a better look. It was bolted down.
“Unreal. Unreal,” he said. “It’s a huge thing for me.”
The day before, Mr. Quinto had appeared at a Cantor Fitzgerald 9/11 benefit held at BGC Partners (its trading floor reminding him of the set of his 2011 movie “Margin Call”), appeared in matinee and evening performances of “Menagerie” and made it to the Standard, High Line hotel for a New York Fashion Week party. He said he was asleep by 3 a.m. “I’m good on six hours,” he said.
The play, which also stars Cherry Jones, is in previews and is to open Sept. 26. In a glowing review of the Boston production earlier this year, Ben Brantley of The New York Times wrote: “Mr. Quinto, best known for his screen work, is the finest Tom I’ve ever seen, a defensive romantic, sardonically in love with his own lush powers of description.”
Mr. Quinto, who studied acting at Carnegie Mellon, talked about developing the character of Tom, Williams’s given name.
“Tom is the most autobiographical character in his canon, so it became clear to me right away that, as the point of entry, the more I could learn about Tennessee and understand what he was trying to capture, and the same time what he wanted to run away from, the better off I’d be,” he said.
Mr. Quinto started with a biography by Lyle Leverich, “Tom: The Unknown Tennessee Williams,” concentrating on the family dynamics depicted in the play among the aging mother and her two adult, unmarried children.
“There is no shortage of works about the life of Tennessee, or works by Tennessee or both,” he said with a laugh and a slight eye roll.
He moved on to the playwright’s memoirs, the first MGM screenplay of “Menagerie” and all the versions of the short story that morphed into the play.
“In the screenplay, there’s actually a scene where Tom goes to the movies and meets a young girl and has a quixotic interaction with her,” he said in his deep baritone. “It informs my understanding how Tom fills his time not in the apartment. All of that is really exciting.”
Lunch — tomato soup and a grilled cheese sandwich — arrived. (Perfect on a rainy day, Mr. Quinto said.)
It got him talking about a scene in which the cast mimes the act of having dinner (sans tableware and food) and yet communicates the bond of that experience.
“The feeling of what it is to eat, the emotional relationships you have with the people you are eating with, these are the things that are important,” he said, “and the things that Tennessee was trying to convey.”
In researching the character, Mr. Quinto, who came out as gay in 2011, considered the struggles Williams had with his own sexuality.
“I think it is something that plagued Tennessee his whole life, something he really wrestled with,” he said. “I don’t think it ever fully resolved for him. I feel much more resolved in my own life.”
And, not surprisingly, Mr. Quinto considered how sexuality informed the character he plays.
“I think Tom knows that his relationship to alcohol and his constant seeking of adventure, as he calls it in the play, belies a kind of desire that he is not able to fully embrace,” he said.
After lunch, John Avina, the general manager of the Elysée, took Mr. Quinto on a quick tour of the Tennessee Williams Suite, which is not the playwright’s old rooms but the apartment of the former owner of the property. There were plays on the bookshelves, photographs and a framed letter from Williams to a friend who was to visit, which gave the name and address of the hotel. Mr. Quinto read aloud: “I’ll probably still be alone as my friend is having a vacation in Veracruz, Mexico. He is attracted to sinister places.”
The actor politely asked to see the rooms where the writer had spent his final days, but was told they were occupied. Mr. Avina handed him a card, and said he would arrange for him to visit or stay on a night when the play was dark.
“Thanks, man,” Mr. Quino said, heading to rehearsals. “I’ll definitely be in touch.”



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A Romp Into Theories of the Cradle of Life By DENNIS OVERBYE Published: February 21, 2011



TEMPE, Ariz. — We’re not in the Garden of Eden anymore.
Darwin speculated that life began in a warm pond on the primordial Earth. Lately other scientists have suggested that the magic joining of molecules that could go on replicating might have happened in an undersea hot spring, on another planet or inside an asteroid. Some astronomers wonder if it could be happening right now underneath the ice of Europa or in the methane seas of Titan.
Two dozen chemists, geologists, biologists, planetary scientists and physicists gathered here recently to ponder where and what Eden might have been. Over a long weekend they plastered the screen in their conference room with intricate chemical diagrams through which electrons bounced in a series of interactions like marbles rattling up and down and over bridges through one of those child’s toys, transferring energy, taking care of the business of nascent life. The names of elements and molecules tripped off chemists’ tongues as if they were the eccentric relatives who show up at Thanksgiving every year.
They charted the fall of meteorites and the rise of oxygen on the early Earth and evidence in old rocks that life was here as long as 3.5 billion years ago. The planet is only a billion years older, but estimates vary on when it became habitable.
In front of a 2,400-member audience one night they debated the definition of life — “anything highly statistically improbable, but in a particular direction,” in the words of Richard Dawkins, the evolutionary biologist at Oxford. Or, they wondered if it could be defined at all in the absence of a second example to the Earth’s biosphere — a web of interdependence all based on DNA.
Hence the quest for extraterrestrial examples is more than a sentimental use of NASA’s dollars. “Let’s go look for it,” said Chris McKay, a planetary scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Laboratory in Mountain View, Calif., who is involved with the Mars Science Laboratory, which will be launched in November.
The rapid appearance of complex life in some accounts — “like Athena springing from the head of Zeus,” in the words of Dr. McKay — has rekindled interest recently in a theory fancied by Francis Crick, one of the discoverers of the double helix, that life originated elsewhere and floated here through space. These days the favorite candidate for such an extraterrestrial cradle is Mars, which was once a water world. Perhaps, some think, its microbes hitched a ride to Earth on asteroids — unless, of course, the microbes went the other way and what’s to be found on Mars are the dead remains of long-lost cousins of Earth.
“We’ve crashed more space probes on Mars than anywhere else — it’s that interesting,” Dr. McKay said.
The conference was sponsored by the Origins Project at Arizona State University in an effort to get people together who don’t normally talk to each other, said Lawrence Krauss, a physicist who helped organize the meeting.
Talk is indeed hard across disciplines and geological ages. John Sutherland, a biochemist at Cambridge University in England, said geologists and astronomers were more interested in talking and speculating about the origin of life than chemists were, even though it is basically a problem of “nitty-gritty chemistry.”
The reason, he explained, is that “chemists know how hard it is.”
The modern version of the Garden of Eden goes by the name of RNA world, after the molecule ribonucleic acid, which plays Robin to DNA’s Batman today, but is now thought have preceded it on the biological scene. RNA is more versatile, being able not only to store information, like DNA, but also to use that information to catalyze reactions, a job now performed by proteins. That solved a sort of chicken-and-egg problem about which ability came first into the world. The answer is that RNA could be both.
“If you want to think of it that way, life is a very simple process,” said Sidney Altman, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1989 for showing that RNA had these dual abilities. “It uses energy, it sustains itself and it replicates.”
One lesson of the meeting was how finicky are the chemical reactions needed for carrying out these simple-sounding functions. “There might be a reason why amino acids and nucleotides are the way they are,” Dr. Krauss said.
What looks complicated to us might not look so complicated to a piece of a carbon molecule awaiting integration into life’s dance. “Complexity is in the eye of the beholder,” said Dr. Sutherland, who after 10 years of trying different recipes succeeded in synthesizing one of the four nucleotides that make up RNA in a jar in his lab.
With the right mixture and conditions, complicated-looking molecules can assemble themselves without help. “When everything is in the pot,” he said, “the chemistry to make RNA is easier.”
  • 1 Dr. Sutherland’s results were hailed as a triumph for the RNA world idea, but there is much work to be done, said Steve Benner, who constructs artificial DNA at the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, in Florida. Nobody knows whether Dr. Sutherland’s recipe would work on the early Earth, he said. Moreover, even if RNA did appear naturally, the odds that it would happen in the right sequence to drive Darwinian evolution seem small. “Other than that,” Dr. Benner said, “the RNA world is a great idea for origin of life.”
    Some others, including astronomers and geologists, have another view of biological inevitability. Life is a natural consequence of geology, said Everett Shock, a geophysicist at Arizona State. “Most of what life is doing is using chemical energy,” Dr. Shock said, and that energy is available in places like undersea volcanic vents where life, he calculated, acts as a catalyst to dissipate heat from the Earth. In what he called “a sweet deal,” life releases energy rather than consuming it, making it easy from a thermodynamic standpoint.
    “Biosynthesis is profitable — it has to be; they live there,” said Dr. Shock, referring to microbes in undersea vents.
    Some scientists say we won’t really understand life until we can make it ourselves.
    On the last day of the conference, J. Craig Venter, the genome decoding entrepreneur and president of the J. Craig Venter Institute, described his adventures trying to create an organism with a computer for a parent.
    Using mail-order snippets of DNA, Dr. Venter and his colleagues stitched together the million-letter genetic code of a bacterium of a goat parasite last year and inserted it into another bacterium’s cell, where it took over, churning out blue-stained copies of itself. Dr. Venter advertised his genome as the wave of future migration to the stars. Send a kit of chemicals and a digitized genome across space.
    “We’ll create panspermia if it didn’t already exist,” he said.
    The new genome included what Dr. Venter called a watermark. Along with the names of the researchers were three quotations, from the author James Joyce; Robert Oppenheimer, who directed the building of the atomic bomb; and the Caltech physicist Richard Feynman: “What I cannot build, I do not understand.”
    When the news came out, last year, Dr. Venter said, the James Joyce estate called up and threatened to sue, claiming that Joyce’s copyright had been violated. To date there has been no lawsuit.
    Then Caltech called up and complained that Dr. Venter’s genome was misquoting Feynman. The institute sent a photograph of an old blackboard on which Feynman had written, “What I cannot create, I do not understand.”
    And so his genome is now in the process of acquiring its first, non-Darwinian mutation.