After the
Sandy Hook School tragedy
and too many reports of school shootings to count, school districts
across the U.S. are clamoring for more police in their schools. The
National Rifle Association
has wasted no time in calling for police officers in every single
school. But while it is not at all clear if the full-time presence of
police officers deters crime or the threat of armed intruders, putting
more police officers in school has resulted in more student arrests and
misdemeanor charges “for essentially nonviolent behavior including
scuffles, truancy and cursing at teachers,” the
New York Times reports
Police (and metal detectors) in the corridors of U.S. school are
nothing new. As one my college students noted, at her New York City high
school, students had to go through as much security every day to get to
their classes as passengers do to get on airplanes, removing belts,
shoes and anything with metal. Now, it seems that students can expect to
see police officers as routinely as teachers.
“No Evidence” That Police in Schools Improves Safety
The Obama administration has called for an increase in police
officers in the nations’s schools. Indeed, since the 1990s, thousands of
federal dollars have been allocated for “police resource officers” in
elementary, middle and high schools since the 1990s. School districts
including those of Houston, Los Angeles and Philadelphia have their own
police forces.
A full-time police presence in school hallways certainly changes a
school’s atmosphere, but as University of Maryland criminologist
Denise C. Gottfredson says in the
New York Times:
“There is no evidence that placing officers in the schools improves
safety. And it increases the number of minor behavior problems that are
referred to the police, pushing kids into the criminal system.”
Rather than providing security, police officers end up dealing with
disciplinary issues that schools themselves should address — instead of
enhancing students’ safety, school districts hand over discipline to law
enforcement. Having students cited for misbehavior teaches them nothing
and certainly not positive, pro-active strategies for dealing with
anger, impulsivity and other challenging behaviors.
Minority Students More Frequently Arrested
What’s more, black and Latino/a students, as well as students with
disabilities, are arrested or given criminal citations in
disproportionate numbers, as civil rights groups including the NAACP
report.
Youth advocates have begun to fight back and not only because of the
injustice of students having to face criminal courts for infractions
such as cursing at teachers or truancy. Not only do they end up missing
school for court appearances; students also face fines, community
service and criminal charges on their record that can mean rejection
from the military and jobs.
The case of 12-year-old De’Angelo Rollins is too typical. Soon after
starting to attend Bryan Middle School in Texas (where some 100,000
misdemeanor tickets are written up for students in one year), he and
another boy got into a scuffle and were both issued citations. De’Angelo
had to go through “repeated court appearances;” he pleaded no contest
and was fined $69 and sentenced to 20 hours of community service and
four months probation.
Of course students must be safe in school, but simply calling in
police officers is a sign that school districts are foregoing educating
students and addressing their challenges. As no one less than Wallace B.
Jefferson, the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Texas, said in a
speech to the Legislature in March, “We are criminalizing our children for nonviolent offenses.”
Forget about a
school-to-prison pipeline. What’s really going on in public schools in the U.S. is that school
is prison, or a place where you’re under constant surveillance by the police.
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